La puissance des mots - virtus verborum
Béatrice Delaurenti - Collection Histoire
Résumé
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Do words have power? The question was debated in medieval Europe. People pondered upon the divine, demoniacal or perhaps natural origin of the "virtus verborem", the power of words, and in particular, the power of incantations. Could incantations have a natural cause, and if such was the case, were they a lawful practice? Renowned theologians, philosophers and doctors supported the idea of a non-demoniacal efficacy of the human word, a natural efficacy. Consequently we find in the doctrinal texts of the scholastic period ample material to piece together the birth and history of an interpretation of incantations, which might be qualified as naturalistic. The very notion of "virtus verborem" was first formulated in the years 1230-1270 through the voice of the Franciscan friar Roger Bacon. He refuted the theological interpretation of incantations which attributed them mostly to the power of demons. From1280 to 1348, the question of the power of words took a more specifically medical turn, focussing on the thinking of the doctors Pietro d'Albano and Gentile da Foligno. After 1350, the theologian and man of science Nicole Oresme analysed the "virtus verborem" in a resolutely rationalist fashion he gave the naturalistic interpretation of incantations its most extensive and successfully accomplished form. But at the beginning of the 15th century, the chancellor Jean Gerson declared his hostility towards the notion of natural incantation and reverted to the demoniacal interpretation: the debate was closed. Discussions about the "virtus verborem" would be revived later, in modern times.
L'auteur - Béatrice Delaurenti
Béatrice Delaurenti, docteur en histoire médiévale et maître de conférences à l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales, est membre du groupe d'anthropologie scolastique. Son premier ouvrage, La Puissance des mots. « Virtus verborum ». Débats doctrinaux sur le pouvoir des incantations au Moyen Âge (Paris, 2007) a reçu le prix Jean-Raynaud de l'Académie des sciences morales et politiques en 2008.
Autres livres de Béatrice Delaurenti
Caractéristiques techniques
PAPIER | |
Éditeur(s) | Cerf |
Auteur(s) | Béatrice Delaurenti |
Collection | Histoire |
Parution | 30/08/2007 |
Nb. de pages | 579 |
Format | 14.5 x 23.5 |
Couverture | Broché |
Poids | 750g |
EAN13 | 9782204082273 |
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