Résumé
It is possible that a person might pick this book off of a shelf — either at a bookstore, or in a technical library — with out ever having heard of the technology, but it is not very likely. MPLS is, after all, yet another member of the new generation of four-letter acronyms (ATM having fairly demonstrated that the age of original three-letter acronyms has passed) and will — therefore — not be of urgent interest to someone who has not even heard of it.
Finally, at the time that I am writing this book, there are no reasonably up to date detailed technical books on the subject and yet there are a lot of questions and general interest in this exciting new technology. The fact that you’ve read this far, indicates that you are one of the many people with questions about this new technology.
Hence, unless you’re still convinced that MPLS is the abbreviation for Minneapolis, the fact that you still have this book in front of you indicates that you are likely to be someone who should read it.
In order to make the most of this book, the reader should have a basic understanding of networking technologies such as routing,switching, data transport, encapsulation, signaling and control functions and issues. Throughout this book there are numerous references to books on these basic topics. These references should be used for supplemental reading in the event that some basic concepts are not clear. If you are a network engineer or a technical manager, the material in this book — taken together with a basic understanding of data networking — should be sufficient for you to be able to make intelligent decisions about implementing and/or deploying the technology. If you are an implementer, this book should provide a solid grounding in the technology. However, before you will be able to do much with this knowledge, you will need to read the specific related texts that will provide you with more detail in the specifics of what you are trying to implement. This is especially true with respect to specific routing protocols, quality of service models and virtual private networks.
Contents
List of Figures.
List of Tables.
Preface.
What You Will Need to Know Already.
Acknowledgements.
Introduction.
About This Book.
How to Read This Book.
What MPLS Is.
I. AN OVERVIEW OF LABEL SWITCHING.
1. The Idea.
Switching.
A Switching Analogy — The Routing Problem.
Bridging, Switching and Label Switching.
Forwarding Complexity.
Multiple Paths.
Multiple Network Layers.
Internet Access.
A New Switching Paradigm.
A Switching Analog — The Label Switching Solution.
2. Brief History.
Multi-Protocol Over ATM.
Avoiding Routing Overhead.
Virtual Routing.
NHRP Issues.
Cell Switching Router.
Ipsilon's IP Switching.
Signaling Draft Development.
Signaling Related Design Teams.
Signaling Evolution.
Encapsulation and Related Draft Development.
Encapsulation Related Design Teams.
Encapsulation Evolution.
Framework, Architecture and Other General Draft Development.
Design Teams.
Evolution.
VPN, TE and OMP Draft Development.
Evolution.
Reference Key for Figures in This Chapter.
References.
3. Framework.
Wire-speed Routing.
Ubiquity.
Tunneling.
Relationship to Network Layer Protocols.
Relationship to Link LayerProtocols.
Simple Forwarding Paradigm.
Explicitly Routed LSPs.
Traffic Engineering.
QoS.
Work Partitioning.
Routing Protocol Scalability.
Common Signaling.
Simplified Management.
Reduced Latency.
References.
4. Architecture.
Label Switching Router.
Forwarding Information Base.
Route Determination Module.
Forwarding Module.
Label Switched Path.
Ingress, Egress, Intermediate and Transparent.
Characteristics and Associated State.
Labeled Packets.
Label.
Label Stack.
MPLS System Functions.
Label Distribution.
Piggyback Label Distribution.
Generalized Label Distribution.
Merging Granularity.
Merging.
Frame Merge.
VC Merge.
VP Merge.
Label Stack Manipulation.
Label Swap.
Pop.
Push.
Route Selection.
Using Hop by Hop Routing.
Using Explicit Routing.
MPLS Operating Modes.
Label Allocation Modes.
Downstream Label Allocation.
Upstream Label Allocation.
Label Distribution Modes.
Downstream On Demand Label Distribution.
Downstream Unsolicited Label Distribution.
Label Retention Modes.
Conservative Label Retention.
Liberal Label Retention.
Control Modes.
Ordered Control Mode.
Independent Control Mode.
Label Spaces.
References.
5. Applicability.
Encapsulation of Packets.
Signaling.
Hard-State verses Soft-State Protocols.
LDP.
CR-LDP.
RSVP-TE.
MPLS-BGP.
References.
II. DETAILS OF THE STANDARD.
6. Implementation Alternatives.
Tunneling.
Peer to Peer Tunnels.
Encapsulation.
Tunnel establishment.
Explicit Route Tunnels.
Encapsulation.
Establishing an Explicit Route Tunnel.
Encapsulation.
Media Specifics.
ATM.
Frame Relay.
PPP/POS.
Ethernet.
MPLS Shim.
Labels.
Label Stack.
Label Distribution.
Piggyback Label Distribution.
Using BGP.
Using RSVP.
Label Distribution Protocol.
Loops and Loop Mitigation, Detection and Prevention.
Loops.
Loop Formation.
Impact of Looping.
Looping Data Traffic.
Looping Control Messages.
Loop Mitigation.
Loop Detection.
Loop Prevention.
References.
7. Services.
Using LDP.
Using BGP.
QoS — Premium Services.
Using the Integrated Services Model.
Using the Differentiated Services Model.
Traffic Engineering.
How MPLS Fits In.
How Traffic Engineering Works.
Currently.
Using MPLS.
Traffic Trunk Attributes.
Traffic Parameter Attribute.
Policing Attribute.
Priority Attribute.
Preemption Attribute.
Path Attributes.
Resource Class Affinity Attribute.
Resource Attributes.
Allocation/Subscription Factor.
Resource Classes.
Constraint Based Routing.
Path Establishment and Maintenance.
Use of Strictness of the Explicit Route.
Use of the Adaptivity Aspect of the Path Attribute.
Use of the Resilience Aspect of the Path Attribute.
Load Distribution Using TE Traffic Trunks.
Fault Handling.
Approaches.
LDP.
CR-LDP Explicit Routes.
RSVP Tunnels.
Virtual Private Networks.
Approaches.
BGP-MPLS VPNs.
Explicitly Routed VPNs.
References.
Glossary.
Acronym Expansions.
Definitions.
Index.
Caractéristiques techniques
| PAPIER | |
| Éditeur(s) | Addison Wesley |
| Auteur(s) | Eric W. Gray |
| Parution | 01/04/2001 |
| Nb. de pages | 191 |
| Format | 18,7 x 23,4 |
| Couverture | Broché |
| Poids | 491g |
| Intérieur | Noir et Blanc |
| EAN13 | 9780201657623 |
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