C and the 8051

Table of contents :

Preface

Introduction

1 Efficiency and Planning

Efficiency

An Efficient Microcontroller

Efficient Electronic Hardware

Efficient Software

Project Planning

Plan First?

User Interfaces

Component Analysis

Hardware/software Tradeoffs

Hardware Planning

Software Planning

Rules for Task Partitioning

Real-time Data Flow Diagrams

Defining Task Interfaces

How Busy Is the Processor?

System Integration

Testing and Maintaining?!

Self-test Routines

Closure on Decision-making

2 Real-Time Multitasking

Beyond Single-Program Thinking

Terminology

Programming Secrets for Multitasking

Commercial Operating Systems

System Calls for Commercial RTOS

Examples with Commercial RTOS

Example: Solenoid Cycler

Example: Pulse Generator

Communication and Synchronization

Example: Solenoid Cycler II

Interrupts

Example: Motor Speed Control System

Benefits of Any RTOS

Benefits of a Commercial RTOS

Costs of RTOS

3 Build Your Own: Scheduler or Kernel

Multitasking Hardware Requirements

Scheduler

Kernel and Operating System for Multitasking

RTKS-A Build Your Own Non-Preemptive Operating System (Kernel)

RTKB-A, Build your Own Priority-Based Preemptive Kernel

RTKx Use Examples

4 Inputs

Overview

Digital Inputs

Position Inputs

Analog Inputs

Electrical Measurements

Physical Measurements

Optical Inputs

Magnetic Inputs

Sound Analysis

Speech Recognition

Inputs from the Handicapped

Power Supplies

Conclusions

5 Outputs

TM and Microcontroller Capabilities

LEDs

Seven-Segment (Numeric) LEDs

Numeric LCDs

Alphanumeric LCDs

Graphic Displays

DC Motors

Relays and Solenoids

Stepper Motor

Servo-Motor

AC Devices

AC Power Out (Inverters)

D-A Converters

Switched-Capacitance Filter

Music

Speech

Storage

6 Algorithms

Number Conversion

Scaling and Variable Size

Lookup Tables

Math Algorithms

Smoothing and Averaging

Random Numbers

Time Measurements

Software Delays

Measuring Intervals

Real-time Clock Chip

Example: Two-Wheel Direction Control

User Entries

Decimal to Binary (from Buttons)

Parsing

Adjusting Readings

Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

Self-calibration of Sensors

Control Algorithms

Bang-bang Control

Two-Wheel Direction Control

PID Algorithms

Digital Signal Processing

Fuzzy Logic

Example: Furnace Controller

Fuzzification

Inference

Defuzzification

Artificial Intelligence

Tracking and Hill-climbing

Dynamic Memory Allocation

7 Efficiency at Work

Zone Heat System

Zone Heat Overall Software

Zone Heat Schematic

Light Meter

What the Customer Wants

Roughing Out Lightmeter

Lightmeter Software

Overall Software for Lightmeter

Conclusions

A1 Addresses, Phones, and Products

Magazines

Compilers & Software Tools

Realtime Operating Systems

Chips

Commercial 805 1 -Family Boards

805 1 -family Development Hardware

Other Electronic and Mechanical Hardware

Index